Comments on the board: i. The air services agreement between the United States and the European Union, signed on 30 April 2007, was provisionally implemented to all 27 EU member states on 30 March 2008. Norway and Iceland are parties to the agreement between the United States and the European Union in accordance with an agreement signed and provisionally implemented on 11 June 2011. ii. Multilateral agreement on the liberalisation of international air transport iii. Applied on the basis of convention and reciprocity iv. The agreement between the United States and the Kingdom of the Netherlands applies to Curacao. Table 1 provides a list of all U.S. open skies agreements with other countries. [14] Massy-Beresford, H., “Paris, Hong Kong Airport Operators Ink Cooperation Agreements.” ATW-Air Transport World, 2018. atwonline.com/airports-routes/paris-hong-kong-airport-operators-ink-cooperation-agreements The United States has achieved open skis with more than 100 partners from all regions of the world and at all levels of economic development. In addition to the bilateral open skies agreements, the United States negotiated two multilateral open skies agreements: (1) the 2001 Multilateral Agreement on the Liberalization of International Air Transport (MALIAT) with New Zealand, Singapore, Brunei and Chile, to which Samoa, Tonga and Mongolia subsequently joined; and (2) the 2007 Air Services Agreement with the European Community and its 27 Member States.

There are also third countries in Sino-U.S. one point to the other. Air transport agreement. In recent years, Hong Kong and Tokyo have absorbed some of the passenger traffic between the United States and China and have established a route for which these passengers may otherwise have flown non-stop flights (see Section 3 analysis). Cheaper fares, higher frequencies and more flight options could contribute to these new markets. [12] Hong Kong does not have an internal air transport market and therefore does not have open skies agreements with many countries. [13] In 2017, the Hong Kong Airport Authority signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Paris-based airport operator Group ADP for cooperation on cargo flights. [14] [16] Business Mirror Editorial, “Yes to the Asean ` open skies” Agreement, Business Mirror, 2015. businessmirror.com.ph/2015/09/23/yes-to-the-asean-open-skies-agreement/ The first airline alliance took place between Northwest Airlines and KLM, a Dutch airline, after the first open-air agreement between the United States and the Netherlands. The benefits of ATI have become so attractive to airlines as a result of the KLM/Northwest decision that “foreign government interest in open-air relations with the United States has increased significantly.” [21] In 1992, the first open skies agreement was concluded between the United States and the Netherlands. Since then, agreements have multiplied; the United States now has agreements with 120 other countries.

In addition to the bilateral open skies agreements, the United States has negotiated two multilateral open skies agreements: since 2015, three other alliances have been formed: Vanilla Alliance, U-Fly Alliance and Value Alliance. They do not have U.S. airlines, and they are very small compared to the big three airlines. Dozens of major airlines have not joined an alliance, among them many low-cost domestic airlines (Southwest, Frontier, JetBlue), Gulf airlines (Etihad, Emirates) and low-cost international airlines (RyanAir, Norwegian Air) open-air agreements have significantly increased international passenger and cargo flights to and from the United States, thereby promoting increased travel and trade, promoting productivity and creating quality jobs and economic growth. Open skies agreements do this by eliminating state intervention in airline business decisions about routes, capacity and prices, and by enabling airlines to provide consumers with more affordable, convenient and efficient services.